Among the more sophisticated cooking systems perfect for potato salad is the vacuum-sealed retort, a vessel used to cook diced potatoes within half an hour, and then chill the product to 35°F within just 17 minutes, through an evaporative-cooling system that uses no refrigeration.

“This type of system enables producers of fresh potato salads to cook and mix high volumes very quickly with equipment that requires a relatively small footprint compared to linear systems that require refrigeration or mechanical cooling,” said Carl Illiff, vice president of CMI Equipment & Engineering, Glencoe, Minn., a designer and fabricator of specialized food processing equipment.

Illiff said because the potatoes are cooled and chilled within a sealed retort, the food is not exposed to the air when being chilled, such as occurs with mechanical systems such as a blast cooler.

“If the potato-salad producer were to chill the diced potatoes in a blast cooler, it would take 18-20 hours to cool it,” he explained “And, in the process, it will be exposed to bacteria, mold, and yeast that are being circulated through these fans on the cooler.”

Illiff adds that when food is exposed to such biological organisms, shelf life will be compromised unless the processor adds preservatives, something that consumers don’t want to see on the labels of fresh foods.

Pounding Out the Process

The diced potato retort, which some food processors use to cook chickpeas and other vegetables, is designed by CMI as a complete, high-quality package. The main part of the system, a cylindrical chamber loaded with carts and trays, is all stainless steel and capable of holding a vacuum of over 30 inches. The retort is normally between 12-22 feet long, and about 5 feet in diameter, depending on customer specifications. Smaller models can cook and cool 2,000 pounds of potatoes per hour; the largest ones can cook up to 8,000 pounds per hour.

Contained inside an upper chamber in the retort is a shell-and-tube condenser and a liquid-ring vacuum pump, which is, in turn, connected to a cooling tower. The shell-and-tube condenser provides evaporative cooling under high-vacuum pressure created by the pump. Evaporated water is circulated from the condenser to the cooling tower and back to provide a continuous chilling effect.

“This cooling process is amazing,” said Illiff. “When you remove the diced potatoes they are nice and cold, and ready to mix with the potato-salad dressing, then package and ship to the customer — all with hardly any exposure to air.”

Illiff adds that because this equipment is very high in quality and designed to operate reliably for many years, he was especially particular when it came to sourcing the cooling tower that is integral to his cooking retort systems.

A New Breed of Cooling Tower

When you have 8,000 pounds of potatoes steaming with heat, you can’t afford to have anything less than a reliable cooling system. Otherwise, you’ll end up with 4 tons of mashed potatoes. When Illiff first looked for a complete solution to cool his tots for potato salad, he understood that incorporating a cooling tower that was as reliable as the rest of his system could be a challenge.

“We were very concerned about the reliability, service requirements, and lifespan of the cooling tower because our cooling system is dependent on it working correctly for a long period of time,” he said.

In exploring the cooling available, he found that the majority of models were of the traditional, galvanized, metal-clad design. Illiff was not satisfied with this engineering, which promised to be maintenance-intensive with perhaps frequent periods of downtime.

Eventually he found what appeared to be a highly attractive alternative to the traditional cooling tower, a design that featured a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) shell and enclosed direct-drive motor assembly that promised to provide highly reliable operation with very low maintenance.

HDPE cooling tower shells are virtually impermeable to corrosive elements, including water treatment chemicals such as chlorine, as well as UV rays, said the company.

“We found this HDPE cooling tower at Delta Cooling Towers, the manufacturer that originally developed the plastic design, and has installed industrial, commercial, and institutional systems nationwide since the 1970s,” said Illiff.

Besides the HDPE shell design, what attracted Illiff to the Delta design most was the 15-year factory warranty. This was a great testimony of the lifespan that he was looking for to ensure the reliability of his retort-based cooking system.

Also, the HDPE cooling towers are available in a wide range of sizes from 10-2,000 tons (CMI normally installs 250- or 500-ton sizes).

“These cooling towers are also lighter in weight,” Illiff added. “So that only a relatively simple stand is required to support it. We installed one recently, for example, and counting the time it took to assemble a stand for it, we had the entire cooling tower system installed in half a day.”

Many uses of the Delta cooling-tower technology also find that the variable-speed, direct-drive motors that run the system fans also provide unexpected benefits. The cooling tower design requires considerably less horsepower and therefore consumes less energy, providing some users up to a 50 percent savings in electric power.

For more information, visit www.deltacooling.com.

Publication date: 3/11/2013