One of the most frequent challenges you’ll face as a service technician is determining if a replacement motor that is not an exact duplicate of the original is suitable for an application. Often you can use the motor’s nameplate to help you make the selection.

However, a nameplate doesn’t always provide you with everything you need to know.

Take nameplate amps, for example. It is common practice to determine the power input of two motors by comparing nameplate amps of the original motor with those of the replacement. In other words, if the replacement motor’s rated amps are at least as high as the original, you are reasonably safe in using it in the application.

This practice works best when you’re working with motor types whose efficiency varies little from one application design to another. Three-phase motors are a good example.

But the nameplate may not tell you the entire story, and as a superior service technician, you need to be aware of the missing chapters.

Motor nameplates typically do not include input watts as a power measurement; nor do they identify the motor’s efficiency. In certain applications, these criteria may be critical factors in deciding if a replacement motor can do the job.

One case where the nameplate-amp comparison often breaks down is when you’re working with single-phase motors. These motors (including permanent split capacitor [psc] motors, shaded-pole motors, and split-phase and capacitor-start motors) may vary widely in terms of efficiency within a single motor design. You have no way of knowing that, however, simply by looking at the nameplate.

So, what happens to the nameplate amp comparison in this instance? Since nameplate amps reflect total current consumption of the motor (including current converted to output power and current lost to heat), higher nameplate amps on a single-phase motor can just as likely indicate poorer conversion efficiency as increased power output.

BEYOND AMPS

Faced with this challenge, the service technician dealing with single-phase motors needs to look beyond amps and compare the horsepower of the replacement motor to the original. If nameplate amps and horsepower compare favorably, you likely will have a suitable replacement.

To make sure, however, it’s important that you test the replacement motor in the application itself. This is especially true when you remember that there is not a single industry standard for motor efficiency.

Best practice is to measure the amps through the motor terminal or power leads of the replacement and compare that reading with the amp rating shown on the replacement motor’s nameplate.

When you perform this test, make absolutely sure that the motor is in its normal operating state, with all belts, blowers, baffles, and enclosures in place. If you do not duplicate the motor’s normal working environment, you will not get a true reading of the motor’s total current consumption.

By being aware of these differences and understanding that you won’t find this important information just by looking at the nameplate, you will be able to provide correct replacements, and better service, to your customers.

Simon is with A.O. Smith Corp., Milwaukee, WI; 414-359-4104; 414-359-4064 (fax).

Publication date: 12/18/2000