WASHINGTON — Homes built to voluntary Energy Star specifications made up about 26 percent of all new homes constructed in the U.S. in 2011. Under the latest update of the specifications that went into effect earlier this year, Energy Star homes consume at least 15 percent less energy than those built to the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC).

There is currently no national building-energy code. States have adopted a variety of codes with different levels of stringency, mostly based on the IECC, a building-energy code created by the International Code Council. Often the stringency of these state-building codes and Energy Star participation is correlated: all but one of the eight states lacking a statewide energy code have low Energy Star participation, while Arizona’s strong utility support for energy-efficient construction has fostered a high penetration of Energy Star qualified homes, even though there is no statewide code there.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated the Energy Star specification for residential construction in 1995, creating homes that were 30 percent more efficient than the 1992 Model Energy Code (MEC). The specifications were revised to create Version 2 in 2006, and Version 3, which was released in 2012.