That’s when questions from the audience indicated that the entire session could have been on white rust and nothing else.
White rust occurs on galvanized carbon steel that comes in contact with soft water (less than 30 ppm total hardness, greater than 8.2 pH). “Soft water can be very aggressive,” Silverstein said. “It needs some hardness.” It can cause brand-new, untreated condensers and cooling towers to fail in a very short time.