This reduction will affect the refrigeration and air conditioning industries by imposing additional controls on emissions of the refrigerants concerned (direct effect) and CO2, which is emitted during the production of the energy used in refrigeration and air conditioning (indirect effect). From this point of view, criteria such as total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) can be useful in decision making.
Finally, safety requirements dictate that strict containment of toxic or flammable fluids in plants must be achieved. Emission reduction has thus become even more important in the management of controlled refrigerants in Europe.